% Encoding: UTF-8 @InProceedings{Baig2015Community, author = {Baig, Roger and Freitag, Felix and Khan, Amin M and Moll, Agusti and Navarro, Leandro and Centelles, Roger Pueyo and Vlassov, Vladimir}, title = {{Community Clouds at the Edge deployed in Guifi.net}}, booktitle = {4th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet 2015)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {IEEE}, month = oct, address = {Niagara Falls, Canada}, keywords = {cloud computing,community networks} } @InProceedings{Buyuksahin2013, author = {Buyuksahin, Umit Cavus and Khan, Amin M and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Support Service for Reciprocal Computational Resource Sharing in Wireless Community Networks}}, booktitle = {5th International Workshop on Hot Topics in Mesh Networking (IEEE HotMESH 2013), within IEEE WoWMoM}, year = {2013}, publisher = {IEEE}, month = jun, doi = {10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583482}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6583482}, abstract = {In community networks, individuals and local organizations from a geographic area team up to create and run a community-owned IP network to satisfy the community's demand for ICT, such as facilitating Internet access and providing services of local interest. Most current community networks use wireless links for the node interconnection, applying off-the-shelf wireless equipment. While IP connectivity over the shared network infrastructure is successfully achieved, the deployment of applications in community networks is surprisingly low. To address the solution of this problem, we propose in this paper a service to incentivize the contribution of computing and storage as cloud resources to community networks, in order to stimulate the deployment of services and applications. Our final goal is the vision that in the long term, the users of community networks will not need to consume applications from the Internet, but find them within the wireless community network.}, address = {Madrid, Spain}, keywords = {cloud computing,community networks,incentive mechanisms,wireless mesh networks} } @InProceedings{Freitag2014Energy, author = {Freitag, Felix and Sharifi, Leila and Khan, Amin M and Navarro, Leandro and Baig, Roger and Escrich, Pau and Veiga, Luis}, title = {{A Look at Energy Efficient System Opportunities with Community Network Clouds}}, booktitle = {Workshop on Energy-Efficient System (EES), within 2nd International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (IST4S 2014)}, year = {2014}, month = aug, abstract = {Community networking is an emerging model of a shared communication infrastructure in which communities of citizens build and own open networks. Community networks offer successfully IP-based networking to the user. In addition, some hosts are connected to the network nodes in order to provide network management and end user services. Recently, clouds have been proposed for community networks. Some research projects such as Clommunity have started deploying computational infrastructure to enable cloud computing within community networks. In this paper we propose different options for such community clouds to contribute to energy efficient systems, in particular regarding cloud-based services and in relation to Smart Grid. Further discussion and interaction with the research initiatives on energy efficient systems should identify the most promising approach and outline possible ways for implementation.}, address = {Stockholm, Sweden}, keywords = {cloud computing,community networks} } @InProceedings{Jimenez2013, author = {Jim{\'{e}}nez, Javi and Baig, Roger and Escrich, Pau and Khan, Amin M and Freitag, Felix and Navarro, Leandro and Pietrosemoli, Ermanno and Zennaro, Marco and Payberah, Amir H and Vlassov, Vladimir}, title = {{Supporting cloud deployment in the Guifi.net community network}}, booktitle = {5th Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium (GIIS 2013)}, year = {2013}, publisher = {IEEE}, month = oct, isbn = {978-1-4799-2969-6}, doi = {10.1109/GIIS.2013.6684361}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6684361}, abstract = {Community networking is an emerging model of a shared communication infrastructure in which communities of citizens build and own open networks. Community networks offer successfully IP-based networking to the user. Cloud computing infrastructures however, while common in today's Internet, hardy exist in community networks. We explain our approach to bring clouds into the Guifi.net community network. For this we have started integrating part of our cloud prototype into the Guifi.net community network management tools. A proof-of-concept cloud infrastructure is currently under deployment in the Guifi.net community network. Our long term vision is that the users of community networks will not need to consume cloud applications from the Internet, but find them within the community network.}, address = {Trento, Italy}, keywords = {cloud computing,community networks} } @PhdThesis{Khan2007, author = {Khan, Amin M}, title = {{The Effects of Distribution and Parallelisation on the Performance of OGSA-DAI Enactments}}, year = {2007}, pages = {62}, abstract = {Grid computing provides technologies for building high performance scientific and business applications. Grid applications need access to distributed and heterogeneous data sources and OGSA-DAI middleware provides data services to access and integrate data sources. Parallelism has been used extensively for designing efficient data and computation intensive applications. This project aims to explore parallelism in OGSA-DAI services to achieve performance improvements for data applications designed using OGSA-DAI services. We build a performance analysis system to study the effect of parallelism and distribution on processing time of data access queries. We use multiple threads with in a single process to parallelise the requests. We distribute the requests by connecting multiple workflows submitted to different OGSA-DAI servers running on a single machine or multiple machines.}, keywords = {Databases,Distributed systems,Grid,Grid Computing,OGSA-DAI,Parallelisation,Performance Evaluation,Web Services}, school = {Universit{\`{a}} degli Studi di Trento, Italy and and University of Edinburgh, Scotland} } @InProceedings{Khan2013Clouds, author = {Khan, Amin M and Sharifi, Leila and Navarro, Leandro and Veiga, Luis}, title = {{Clouds of Small Things: Provisioning Infrastructure-as-a-Service from within Community Networks}}, booktitle = {2nd International Workshop on Community Networks and Bottom-up-Broadband (CNBuB 2013), within IEEE WiMob}, year = {2013}, publisher = {IEEE}, month = oct, isbn = {978-1-4799-0428-0}, pages = {16--21}, doi = {10.1109/WiMOB.2013.6673334}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6673334}, abstract = {Community networks offer a shared communication infrastructure where communities of citizens build and own open networks.While the IP connectivity of the networking devices is successfully achieved, the number of services and applications available from within the community network is typically small and the usage of the community network is often limited to providing Internet access to remote areas through wireless links. In this paper we propose to apply the principle of resource sharing of community networks, currently limited to the network bandwidth, to other computing resources, which leads to cloud computing in community networks. Towards this vision, we review some characteristics of community networks and identify potential scenarios for community clouds. We simulate a cloud computing infrastructure service and discuss different aspects of its performance in comparison to a commercial centralized cloud system. We note that in community clouds the computing resources are heterogeneous and less powerful, which affects the time needed to assign resources. Response time of the infrastructure service is high in community clouds even for a small number of resources since resources are distributed, but tends to get closer to that of a centralized cloud when the number of resources requested increases. Our initial results suggest that the performance of the community clouds highly depends on the community network conditions, but has some potential for improvement with network-aware cloud services. The main strength compared to commercial cloud services, however, is that community cloud services hosted on community-owned resources will follow the principles of community network and will be neutral and open.}, address = {Lyon, France}, keywords = {cloud computing,community networks,distributed resource sharing} } @TechReport{Khan2013Distributed, author = {Khan, Amin M and Buyuksahin, Umit Cavus and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Distributed Architecture for Cloud System tailored for Wireless Community Networks}}, institution = {Universitat Polit{\`{e}}cnica de Catalunya}, year = {2013}, number = {UPC-DAC-RR-XCSD-2013-4}, month = may, url = {https://www.ac.upc.edu/app/research-reports/html/research{\_}center{\_}index-XCSD-2013,ca.html}, abstract = {In community networks, individuals and local organizations from a geographic area team up to create and run a community-owned IP network to satisfy the community's demand for ICT, such as facilitating Internet access and providing services of local interest. Most current community networks use wireless links for the node interconnection, applying off-the-shelf wireless equipment. While IP connectivity over the shared network infrastructure is successfully achieved, the deployment of applications in community networks is surprisingly low. To address the solution of this problem, we propose in this paper an architecture for building a cloud system that will provide Infrastructure-as-a-Service (Iaas) using resources from the community network. Our focus is also to incentivize the contribution of computing and storage as cloud resources to community networks, in order to stimulate the deployment of services and applications. Our final goal is the vision that in the long term, the users of community networks will not need to consume applications from the Internet, but find them within the wireless community network.}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, keywords = {cloud computing,community networks,incentive mechanisms,wireless mesh networks}, publisher = {Universitat Polit{\`{e}}cnica de Catalunya} } @InCollection{Khan2013TowardsIncentives, author = {Khan, Amin M and Buyuksahin, Umit Cavus and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Towards Incentive-based Resource Assignment and Regulation in Clouds for Community Networks}}, booktitle = {10th International Conference on Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services (GECON 2013)}, year = {2013}, editor = {Altmann, J{\"{o}}rn Altmann and Vanmechelen, Kurt and Rana, Omer F.}, volume = {8193}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, pages = {197--211}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-02414-1{\_}15}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-02414-1{\_}15}, abstract = {Community networks are built with off-the-shelf communication equipment aiming to satisfy a community's demand for Internet access and services. These networks are a real world example of a collective that shares ICT resources. But while these community networks successfully achieve the IP connectivity over the shared network infrastructure, the deployment of applications inside of community networks is surprisingly low. Given that community networks are driven by volunteers, we believe that bringing in incentive-based mechanisms for service and application deployments in community networks will help in unlocking its true potential. We investigate in this paper such mechanisms to steer user contributions, in order to provide cloud services from within community networks. From the analysis of the community network's topology, we derive two scenarios of community clouds, the local cloud and the federated cloud. We develop an architecture tailored to community networks which integrates the incentive mechanism we propose. In simulations of large scale community cloud scenarios we study the behaviour of the incentive mechanism in different configurations, where slices of homogeneous virtual machine instances are shared. Our simulation results allow us to understand better how to configure such an incentive mechanism in a future prototype of a real community cloud system, which ultimately should lead to realisation of clouds in community networks.}, address = {Zaragoza, Spain}, keywords = {cloud computing,community networks,distributed resource sharing,incentive mechanisms}, month = sep } @InProceedings{Khan2014Architecture, author = {Khan, Amin M and Selimi, Mennan and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Towards Distributed Architecture for Collaborative Cloud Services in Community Networks}}, booktitle = {6th International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS 2014)}, year = {2014}, publisher = {IEEE}, month = sep, isbn = {978-1-4799-6387-4}, doi = {10.1109/INCoS.2014.63}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=7057063}, abstract = {Internet and communication technologies have lowered the costs for communities to collaborate, leading to new services like user-generated content and social computing, and through collaboration, collectively built infrastructures like community networks have also emerged. Community networks get formed when individuals and local organisations from a geographic area team up to create and run a community-owned IP network to satisfy the community's demand for ICT, such as facilitating Internet access and providing services of local interest. The consolidation of today's cloud technologies offers now the possibility of collectively built community clouds, building upon user-generated content and user-provided networks towards an ecosystem of cloud services. To address the limitation and enhance utility of community networks, we propose a collaborative distributed architecture for building a community cloud system that employs resources contributed by the members of the community network for provisioning infrastructure and software services. Such architecture needs to be tailored to the specific social, economic and technical characteristics of the community networks for community clouds to be successful and sustainable. By real deployments of clouds in community networks and evaluation of application performance, we show that community clouds are feasible. Our result may encourage collaborative innovative cloud-based services made possible with the resources of a community.}, address = {Salerno, Italy}, keywords = {Cloud Computing,collaborative resource sharing,community cloud,community networks} } @InCollection{Khan2014Macroeconomic, author = {Khan, Amin M and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Exploring the Role of Macroeconomic Mechanisms in Voluntary Resource Provisioning in Community Network Clouds}}, booktitle = {11th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence (DCAI 2014)}, year = {2014}, volume = {290}, series = {Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, isbn = {978-3-319-07592-1}, pages = {269--278}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-07593-8{\_}32}, url = {https://zenodo.org/record/8575 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-07593-8{\_}32}, abstract = {Internet and communication technologies have lowered the costs of enabling individuals and communities to collaborate together. This collaboration has provided new services like user-generated content and social computing, as evident from success stories like Wikipedia. Through collaboration, collectively built infrastructures like community wireless mesh networks where users provide the communication network, have also emerged. Community networks have demonstrated successful bandwidth sharing, but have not been able to extend their collective effort to other computing resources like storage and processing. The success of cloud computing has been enabled by economies of scale and the need for elastic, flexible and on-demand provisioning of computing services. The consolidation of today's cloud technologies offers now the possibility of collectively built community clouds, building upon user-generated content and user-provided networks towards an ecosystem of cloud services. We explore in this paper how macroeconomic mechanisms can play a role in overcoming the barriers of voluntary resource provisioning in such community clouds, by analysing the costs involved in building these services and how they give value to the participants. We indicate macroeconomic policies and how they can be implemented in community networks, to ease the uptake and ensure the sustainability of community clouds.}, address = {Salamanca, Spain}, month = jun } @InProceedings{Khan2014Prototyping, author = {Khan, Amin M and Buyuksahin, Umit Cavus and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Prototyping Incentive-Based Resource Assignment for Clouds in Community Networks}}, booktitle = {28th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2014)}, year = {2014}, publisher = {IEEE}, month = may, isbn = {978-1-4799-3630-4}, pages = {719--726}, doi = {10.1109/AINA.2014.88}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6838735}, abstract = {Wireless community networks are a successful example of a collective where communities operate ICT infrastructure and provide IP connectivity based on the principle of reciprocal resource sharing of network bandwidth. This sharing, however, has not extended to computing and storage resources, resulting in very few applications and services which are currently deployed within community networks. Cloud computing, as in today's Internet, has made it common to consume resources provided by public clouds providers, but such cloud infrastructures have not materialized within community networks. We analyse in this paper socio-technical characteristics of community networks in order to derive scenarios for community clouds. Based on an architecture for such a community cloud, we implement a prototype for the incentive-driven resource assignment component, deploy it in a testbed of community network nodes, and evaluate its behaviour experimentally. Our evaluation gives insight on how the deployed prototype components regulate the consumption of cloud resources taking into account the users' contributions, and how this regulation affects the system usage. Our results suggest a further integration of this regulation component into current cloud management platforms in order to open them up for the operation of an ecosystem of community cloud.}, address = {Victoria, Canada}, keywords = {cloud computing,community networks,incentive mechanisms,resource allocation} } @Article{Khan2014Sparks, author = {Khan, Amin M and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Sparks in the Fog: Social and Economic Mechanisms as Enablers for Community Network Clouds}}, year = {2014}, volume = {3}, number = {8}, issn = {2255-2863}, doi = {10.14201/ADCAIJ201438112}, url = {http://campus.usal.es/{~}revistas{\_}trabajo/index.php/2255-2863/article/view/ADCAIJ201438112}, abstract = {Internet and communication technologies have lowered the costs of enabling individuals and communities to collaborate together. This collaboration has provided new services like user-generated content and social computing, as evident from success stories like Wikipedia. Through collaboration, collectively built infrastructures like community wireless mesh networks where users provide the communication network, have also emerged. Community networks have demonstrated successful bandwidth sharing, but have not been able to extend their collective effort to other computing resources like storage and processing. The success of cloud computing has been enabled by economies of scale and the need for elastic, flexible and on-demand provisioning of computing services. The consolidation of today’s cloud technologies offers now the possibility of collectively built community clouds, building upon user-generated content and user-provided networks towards an ecosystem of cloud services. We explore in this paper how social and economic mechanisms can play a role in overcoming the barriers of voluntary resource provisioning in such community clouds, by analysing the costs involved in building these services and how they give value to the participants. We indicate socio-economic policies and how they can be implemented in community networks, to ease the uptake and ensure the sustainability of community clouds.}, journal = {ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal}, keywords = {cloud computing,collaborative resource sharing,community cloud,community networks,economic mechanisms} } @InCollection{Khan2015CommunityClouds, author = {Khan, Amin M and Freitag, Felix and Navarro, Leandro}, title = {{Community Clouds}}, booktitle = {Encyclopaedia of Cloud Computing}, year = {2016}, editor = {Murugesan, San and Bojanova, Irena}, publisher = {Wiley-IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-118-82197-8}, url = {http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118821971.html}, month = jun } @InProceedings{Khan2015Current, author = {Khan, Amin M and Freitag, Felix and Rodrigues, Luis}, title = {{Current Trends and Future Directions in Community Edge Clouds}}, booktitle = {4th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet 2015)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {IEEE}, month = oct, address = {Niagara Falls, Canada} } @InProceedings{Khan2015DSS, author = {Khan, Amin M and Freitag, Felix and Gupta, Smrati and Munt{\'{e}}s-Mulero, Victor and Dominiak, Jacek and Matthews, Peter}, title = {{On Supporting Service Selection for Collaborative Multi-Cloud Ecosystems in Community Networks}}, booktitle = {29th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2015)}, year = {2015}, month = mar, doi = {10.1109/AINA.2015.247}, address = {Gwangju, Korea}, keywords = {cloud computing,collaborative systems,community networks,decision support,multi-cloud} } @InCollection{Khan2015Enabling, author = {Khan, Amin M and Freitag, Felix and Navarro, Leandro and Baig, Roger}, title = {{Enabling Clouds in Community Networks}}, booktitle = {European Project Space on Research and Applications of Information and Communication Systems}, year = {2016}, editor = {Cerqueira, Carlos and Uhomoibhi, James}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS}, abstract = {Community networks represent bottom-up efforts for cooperative development of ICT infrastructure, based on the principle of reciprocal sharing of bandwidth. With community clouds, members of the community network can build cloud-based services that are hosted on community-owned computing and communication resources, and that provide services of local interest to the community. Enabling community clouds in community networks requires taking into account the specific socio-economic context of the community networks, and devising incentive-based mechanisms to encourage participation from members of the community networks. Cloudy, a Debian based distribution, makes it accessible for anyone in the community network to bring in their resources in the cloud, and take advantage of the community cloud services.}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, keywords = {cloud computing,community clouds,community networks} } @Article{Khan2015Incentive, author = {Khan, Amin M and Buyuksahin, Umit Cavus and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Incentive-based Resource Assignment and Regulation for Collaborative Cloud Services in Community Networks}}, year = {2015}, volume = {81}, number = {8}, month = dec, pages = {1479--1495}, issn = {00220000}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcss.2014.12.023}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022000014001871 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022000014001871}, abstract = {Community networks are a successful example of a collective where communities operate ICT infrastructure based on the principle of reciprocal sharing of network bandwidth. Cloud computing, common in today's Internet, has however not materialised within community networks. We analyse in this paper socio-technical characteristics of community networks in order to derive scenarios for community clouds. Based on an architecture for such a community cloud, we implement a prototype for the incentive-driven resource assignment component and evaluate its behaviour experimentally. In simulations of large scale community cloud scenarios we study the behaviour of the incentive mechanism in different configurations. Our evaluation gives insight into how the developed mechanisms regulate the consumption of cloud resources. Our results suggest a further integration of this regulation component into current cloud management platforms in order to open them up for the operation of an ecosystem of collaborative cloud services in community networks.}, journal = {Journal of Computer and System Sciences} } @InProceedings{Khan2015Towards, author = {Khan, Amin M and Vila{\c{c}}a, Xavier and Rodrigues, Luis and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{Towards Incentive-Compatible Pricing for Bandwidth Reservation in Community Network Clouds}}, booktitle = {12th International Conference on Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services (GECON 2015)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, month = sep, address = {Cluj-Napoca, Romania}, keywords = {cloud computing,community cloud,community networks} } @InProceedings{Khan2016Distributed, author = {Khan, Amin M and Vila{\c{c}}a, Xavier and Rodrigues, Luis and Freitag, Felix}, title = {{A Distributed Auctioneer for Resource Allocation in Decentralized Systems}}, booktitle = {36th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2016)}, year = {2016}, month = jun, address = {Nara, Japan}, keywords = {algorithmic mechanism design,auctions,community networks,distributed auctioneer,resource allocation} } @InProceedings{Selimi2014Cloud, author = {Selimi, Mennan and Florit, Jorge L and Vega, Davide and Meseguer, Roc and Lopez, Ester and Khan, Amin M and Neumann, Axel and Freitag, Felix and Navarro, Leandro and Baig, Roger and Escrich, Pau and Moll, Agusti and {Pueyo Centelles}, Roger and Vilata, Ivan and Aymerich, Marc and Lamora, Santiago}, title = {{Cloud-Based Extension for Community-Lab}}, booktitle = {22nd International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS 2014)}, year = {2014}, publisher = {IEEE}, month = sep, isbn = {978-1-4799-5610-4}, pages = {502--505}, doi = {10.1109/MASCOTS.2014.73}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=7033694}, abstract = {Community-Lab is an open, distributed infrastructure for researchers to carry out experiments within wireless community networks. Community networks are an emergent model of infrastructures built with off-the-shelf communication equipment that aims to satisfy a community's demand for Internet access and ICT services. Community-Lab consists of more than 100 nodes that are integrated in existing community networks, thus giving researchers access to community networks and allowing them to conduct experimental evaluation of routing protocols, services and applications deployed there. Community networks have now the opportunity to extend the collaborative network building to the next level, that is, building collaborative services implemented as community clouds, built, operated and maintained by the community, that run on community-owned heterogeneous resources, and offer cloud- based services that are of the community's interest. This demo paper focuses on demonstrating the cloud extension of Community-Lab, enabling now community cloud experiments. By means of selected applications, we show how Community-Lab has been extended with distributed clouds, where different devices such as server, desktop PCs, low-resource embedded PCs and IoT boards are brought together forming a heterogeneous distributed cloud environment for researchers to experiment in community networks.}, address = {Paris, France}, keywords = {Poster} } @Article{Selimi2015Cloud, author = {Selimi, Mennan and Khan, Amin M and Dimogerontakis, Emmanouil and Freitag, Felix and Centelles, Roger Pueyo}, title = {{Cloud Services in the Guifi.net Community Network}}, year = {2015}, volume = {93}, number = {P2}, month = dec, pages = {373--388}, issn = {13891286}, doi = {10.1016/j.comnet.2015.09.007}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1389128615003175}, journal = {Computer Networks}, keywords = {cloud computing,cloud services,community cloud,community networks} }